After training as an Augustinian friar, Martin Luther (1483-1546) became a theologian at the University of Wittenberg. He challenged the established Church’s belief that escape from damnation could be purchased, instead encouraging the view that faith alone was necessary for salvation. Luther’s arguments were one of the foundations of the reform movement in the sixteenth century, and he became a revered figure. This portrait, showing Luther as an academic, was made after his death.