Queen Victoria (1819–1901) received several important Chinese works of art as gifts for her Golden and Diamond Jubilees in 1887 and 1897. On both occasions, the Guangxu Emperor and the Empress Dowager Cixi presented her with jade objects of remarkable quality. Among them was this 'block of white jade' carved as a mountain, 'symbolic of long life, stability and unchangeableness' – a theme appropriate for the occasion of a Jubilee.