Abel was an important composer and performer on the viola da gamba. He came to London in 1759 and, with Johann Christian Bach, ran musical life in the capital, rather as Handel had done a generation earlier. Under Queen Charlotte's patronage he staged a number of public concerts, many at Hanover Square Rooms.

This portrait was painted by Robineau, who was a composer and violinist as well as an artist. He used the name Alexandre for his musical and Auguste for his artistic activities. He came into contact with the Prince of Wales (future George IV) in both his professional capacities. This painting was in George IV's collection at Carlton House, recorded in 1816.