Canada
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Hardstone profile
2005Hardstone and wood | 41.0 x 34.2 x 30.5 cm (whole object) | RCIN 95886
Inscribed 'As long as the sun shines, the grass grows and the water flows./ TREATY NO.8/ Honoring and Protecting Treaty rights/ in their true Spirit and Intent'.
The inscription refers to one of the eleven 'numbered treaties' concluded between the First Nations of Canada and the British Crown between 1871 and 1921. These agreements promised reserve lands, annuities and fishing and hunting rights in exchange for Aboriginal title. Signed on 21 June 1899, Treaty No. 8 covered some 840,000 kilometres, the largest geographic span of any of the agreements. Today, this area is home to the 39 First Nations communities of Alberta, Northwestern Saskatchewan, Northeast British Columbia and the Southwest portion of the Northwest Territories. Presented as a promise of peaceful co-existence and resource sharing, the treaty's signing was witnessed through the smoking of a pipe.